Archive
Epidermal Sensitization Assay (EpiSensA, OECD 442D)
July 29, 2025The Epidermal Sensitization Assay (EpiSensA) is a next-generation, GLP-compliant method developed by the KAO Corporation. The EpiSensA offers a reliable, human-relevant method for assessing skin sensitization potential, enhancing our ability to provide New Approach Methodologies (NAMs)-based solutions that address industry challenges. The EpiSensA quantifies the changes in the expression of genes associated with the activation of keratinocytes and cytoprotective pathways, corresponding to the second key event (KE-2) in the skin sensitization Adverse Outcome Pathway. The fold induction of four marker...
ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase Keratinocyte Activation Test Method (OECD 442D)
October 18, 2018KeratinoSensTM is a cell-based reporter gene assay that models the second key event in the Adverse Outcome Pathway for Dermal Sensitization (keratinocyte activation). The assay measures the induction of a stably transfected luciferase gene under the control of the antioxidant response element (ARE) derived from the human AKR1C2 gene. Following the methodology described in OECD Test Guideline 497, KeratinoSens is an alternative to animal testing methods necessary for the purpose of hazard identification. In conjunction with other in vitro tests, the results of this assay...
Modernization of EPA “6-Pack” of Acute Toxicity Tests Continues
July 27, 2018The US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) continues to drive significant efforts in the United States to modernize the battery of acute toxicity tests classically known as the “6-pack.” Learn More....
IIVS e-News – January 2018
February 1, 2018Featured in this issue is an article on how an integrated approach to skin sensitization testing can work for your testing program. a preview of IIVS events and posters at SOT, our recent collaboration with BASF to distribute the LuSens test in China, and more. Read issue....
Webinar: How GLPs Enhance the Quality of Regulated and Non-Regulated Toxicology
October 18, 2016This one-hour webinar, led by IIVS Director of Quality and Compliance, introduces some of the concepts of Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs) designed to promote study and data integrity within an in vitro toxicology framework. Applying these concepts within your own laboratory should aid in production of robust, repeatable studies. View Slides...
Human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT, OECD 442E)
August 24, 2016The human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT) is a cell-based assay that identifies skin sensitizers by examining changes in the expression of cell surface markers (CD54 and CD86) implicated in dendritic cell activation, the third key event of the skin sensitization AOP. Following exposure of the THP-1 human monocyte cell line to the test substance, expression levels of CD54 and CD86 are quantified by flow cytometry and compared to controls. The method has been reviewed by the European Union Reference Laboratory for...
Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA, OECD 442C)
August 24, 2016The DPRA (OECD 442C) is an in chemico assay that models the first key event in the skin sensitization Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) - skin, protein reactivity. Compounds implicated in causing Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) are generally electrophilic in nature. This assay identifies dermal sensitizers based on their reactivity with synthetic peptides containing the nucleophilic amino acid residues lysine and cysteine. Using LC/UV, conjugation of the test material with the peptides can be analyzed. Trained by the developers of this assay (Procter & Gamble), IIVS...
Fragrance & Flavors
August 24, 2016Exposure to fragrance chemicals is most commonly by direct skin contact. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to fragrance ingredients is most often caused by cosmetic products, such as perfumes, deodorants, and aftershave products. Cosmetic fragrance ingredients should be assessed for exposure damage including skin sensitization (ACD), phototoxicity, skin irritation (irritant contact dermatitis), and respiratory irritation and sensitization. At IIVS, we have pre-clinical testing programs to address each of these endpoints to ensure the safety of fragrance 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...
Cosmetics & Personal Care
August 24, 2016European legislation and US research activities towards ‘21st century toxicology’ are setting the standards for animal-free toxicological assessments and the cosmetics industry has been the first to feel the effects. As per EU Regulation 1223/2009, animal testing of cosmetic ingredients and finished products is currently banned in the EU, as is the marketing of finished cosmetic products and the ingredients contained therein which were tested on animals for cosmetic safety assessment purposes. These bans hold irrespective of the availability of validated...